Why we need to limit the exposure to respiratory viruses for children with asthma Great post from Medscape.com on June 4, 2018 by Veronica Hackethal, MD https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/897604 Children with moderate to severe asthma exacerbations who are also infected with respiratory viruses, and especially respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, and parainfluenza, are at increased risk of not responding to asthma treatments, according to results published online today in Pediatrics . The results come from the largest study of its kind and suggest children with moderate to severe asthma exacerbations may need a different workup and more intense management. About 60% to 80% of asthma exacerbations are triggered by respiratory pathogens, but until now, researchers haven't known exactly which pathogens cause the problem. "This is the first time we've been able to disentangle the risk of non-response to asthma treatment with the presence of specific viruses — specifically, influenza and rhinovirus. The more than 20-per-cent higher absolute risk of treatment failure in flu cases is very significant," senior author Caroline Quach, MD, said in a press release. Quach is chair of the Quebec Immunization Committee, chair of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization of the Public Health Agency of Canada, and affiliated with McGill University and the University of Montreal. The results also highlight the importance of prevention, using the influenza vaccine. The authors encouraged easy access to vaccination at the point of care in asthma, respiratory, and general pediatric clinics. "These kids should get their flu shot and they should get it systematically — it's worth it," study coauthor Francine Ducharme, MD, from the University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, said in the news release. "We now know that if these kids get the flu the risks are very high that emergency treatment for an asthma attack will fail," she added. "Instead of having an overall 17-per-cent risk of treatment failure, with flu their risk rises to almost 40 per cent." To evaluate the effect of respiratory viruses on asthma exacerbation severity and treatment, researchers analyzed data from the DOORWAY (Determinants of Oral Corticosteroid Responsiveness in Wheezing Asthmatic Youth) study. DOORWAY was designed to evaluate treatment failure after standard therapy with inhaled bronchodilators and systemic corticosteroids. The trial enrolled 958 children with moderate to severe asthma exacerbations, who were seen at one of five Canadian emergency departments between 2011 and 2013. During the study, researchers tested nasopharyngeal fluids for the presence of respiratory viruses and atypical bacteria and measured asthma exacerbation severity using the standardized Pediatric Respiratory Assessment Measure. Treatment failure was defined as hospital admission, emergency department stay longer than 8 hours, or asthma relapse. Overall, 61.7% of children tested positive for at least one respiratory virus, with rhinovirus most prevalent, and 16.9% of children experienced treatment failure. Testing positive for any respiratory pathogens was not linked to more severe asthma exacerbations. However, children who tested positive had an 8.2% absolute higher risk for treatment failure compared with children with negative tests (20.7% vs 12.5%; 95% CI, 3.3% - 13.1%). Among children infected with nonrhinovirus pathogens, the absolute risk for treatment failure was 25.4% (95% CI, 19.8% - 31.0%), which was a 13.1% adjusted risk difference compared with those with no pathogen infection. By specific viral type, the risk for treatment failure was 21.4% (95% CI, 14.1% - 28.7%) for respiratory syncytial virus, 37.5% (95% CI, 17.8% - 57.2%) for influenza, and 46.7% (95% CI, 20.4% - 73.0%) for parainfluenza. The adjusted risk differences for each virus were 8.8% for respiratory syncytial virus, 24.9% for influenza, and 34.1% for parainfluenza. In contrast, children who tested positive for rhinovirus, which causes the common cold, were not at increased risk for treatment failure. The study did not include children with mild asthma exacerbations, so results may not necessarily apply to less severe cases. The study was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. One or more authors reports donations, grants, and/or advisory board membership from one or more of the following: Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck Canada, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Merck, Sanofi Regeneron, AstraZeneca, Sage Products LLC, and AbbVie. Pediatrics . 2018;142(1):e20174105. Full text
